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We propose straightforward principles to foster an evaluation-forward operating system that can transform the adoption of clinical artificial intelligence from a leap of faith into a stepwise, trust-building process.

Profiling over 6.5 million peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 1,047 patients and 19 diseases at a single-cell transcriptome resolution led to a comprehensive model of inflammation in circulating immune cells. Leveraging this foundational resource enabled us to identify disease-driving inflammatory mechanisms and to build a foundation for a universal diagnostic classification framework.

The first Nature Portfolio Commission Report outlines paths to sustainable dialysis policies, robust evidence-to-policy translation and south–south collaboration.

Rising demand for dialysis poses a central challenge to universal health coverage systems: not just whether to expand access, but how to sustain equitable, high-quality kidney failure care. In this Comment, I argue that long-term viability depends on system architecture, rather than modality choice alone.

Ancestry-aware genomic analyses of 6,011 people from the Mexican Biobank characterized allele frequency variation in 42,769 clinically relevant variants across Mexico, accounting for local ancestry and fine-scale geography. Results are accessible through a web-based application, MexVar, to enable data exploration and to foster biomedical research in Hispanic populations.

An abrupt policy change in 2022 — allowing patients to choose between peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis — created severe unintended consequences for the Thai health system. A multidisciplinary commission found that interacting factors in the system were overlooked and that future dialysis policies must integrate more-diverse evidence and stakeholder views, prioritizing care quality and ethics while balancing equity and sustainability.

Analyzing data of the Mexican Biobank project, a new study finds regional differences in clinically relevant genetic frequencies and presents MexVar, a publicly accessible resource designed to support ancestry-informed genetic testing.

This Commission aims to resolve the current dialysis policy challenges in Thailand and generate lessons for the global kidney community by drawing on empirical evidence, systems thinking and multidisciplinary expertise to generate policy goals and recommendations.

MedHELM, an extensible evaluation framework including a new taxonomy for classifying medical tasks and a benchmark of many datasets across these categories, enables the evaluation of large language models on real-world clinical tasks.

A randomized trial provides direct human evidence that the placebo effect can shape humoral immunity, showing that reward-related brain activity correlates with vaccine-induced antibody production and opening new avenues for treating many medical conditions.

Upregulation of the ventral tegmental area via neurofeedback is associated with a stronger immune response to hepatitis B virus vaccination, and VTA upregulation is achieved through conscious positive expectations.

In a trial involving 2,069 patients and 111 clinicians across 24 disciplines, patients performing a preconsultation session with an LLM-powered chatbot had a significantly lower consultation time and both patients and clinicians reported improved communication and satisfaction.

Preparing for tomorrow’s threats by enhancing our ability to help patients today.

In an arm of an ongoing multicenter phase 2 trial testing different therapies in patients with genetically profiled grade 2 or 3 meningiomas, treatment with an oral CDK4/6 inhibitor met the primary endpoint for progression-free survival at 6 months in patients with CDK or NF2 alterations.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.